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Changes in cytosolic calcium concentration can be measured during transduction of a wide variety of abiotic and biotic signals. Calcium plays a fundamental role in many different types of signaling pathways, but it is often difficult to sort out cause and effect of fluctuations in calcium. The cover shows images of guard cells transformed with "cameleon" constructs; fluorescent markers that allow for real-time visualization and measurement of cytosolic free calcium. The use of cameleons is helping to uncover long sought after answers to questions regarding the essential role of calcium in signal transduction (see Meeting Report on pages S9-S14). Aspects of calcium signaling are discussed in reviews by Luan et al. (pages S389-S400) and Sanders et al. (pages S401-S417) in this issue. Image by Gethyn Allen provided in his memory by Jeff Harper and Julian Schroeder.