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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on February 22, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.107.057281

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Received December 1, 2007
Returned for revision January 31, 2008
Accepted February 6, 2008

COP1-Mediated Ubiquitination of CONSTANS Is Implicated in Cryptochrome Regulation of Flowering in Arabidopsis

Li-Jun Liu 1, Yan-Chun Zhang 2, Qing-Hua Li 1, Yi Sang 1, Jian Mao 1, Hong-Li Lian 2, Long Wang 1, and Hong-Quan Yang 3*

1 National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
2 School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
3 National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hqyang{at}sjtu.edu.cn.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the blue light photoreceptor cryptochromes (CRY) act to promote photomorphogenic development and the transition from vegetative to floral development in long days (LDs). We previously proposed that one of the mechanisms by which CRY regulates light responses is via its physical interaction with COP1, a RING motif–containing E3 ligase. Under LDs, the transcription of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is activated by CONSTANS (CO) in leaf, and the FT protein moves to the shoot apex to induce flowering. CO protein is degraded in darkness, whereas it is stabilized by the CRY-mediated signal. However, the mechanism underlying this process is unknown. We show in this report that CO acts genetically downstream of COP1 and CRY to regulate flowering time. In addition, COP1 physically interacts with CO and functions as an E3 ligase, ubiquitinating CO in vitro and reducing CO levels in vivo. These results suggest that COP1 acts as a repressor of flowering by promoting the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of CO in darkness and that CRY-mediated signal may negatively regulate COP1, thereby stabilizing CO, activating FT transcription, and inducing flowering.




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M. E. Vega-Sanchez, L. Zeng, S. Chen, H. Leung, and G.-L. Wang
SPIN1, a K Homology Domain Protein Negatively Regulated and Ubiquitinated by the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SPL11, Is Involved in Flowering Time Control in Rice
PLANT CELL, June 1, 2008; 20(6): 1456 - 1469.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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