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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 6 1001-1011, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Decreased Susceptibility to Viral Disease of [beta]-1,3-Glucanase-Deficient Plants Generated by Antisense Transformation
R. S. Beffa, R. M. Hofer, M. Thomas and F. Meins Jr
The Friedrich Miescher Institute, P.O. Box 2543, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
Antifungal class I [beta]-1,3-glucanases are believed to be part of the
constitutive and induced defenses of plants against fungal infection.
Unexpectedly, mutants deficient in these enzymes generated by antisense
transformation showed markedly reduced lesion size, lesion number, and
virus yield in the local-lesion response of Havana 425 tobacco to tobacco
mosaic virus (TMV) and of Nicotiana sylvestris to tobacco necrosis virus.
These mutants also showed decreased severity of mosaic disease symptoms,
delayed spread of symptoms, and reduced yield of virus in the susceptible
response of N. sylvestris to TMV. The symptoms of disease in the responses
of both plant species were positively correlated with [beta]-1,3-glucanase
content in a series of independent transformants. Taken together, these
results provide direct evidence that [beta]-1,3-glucanases function in
viral pathogenesis. Callose, a substrate for [beta]-1,3-glucanase, acts as
a physical barrier to the spread of virus. Callose deposition in and
surrounding TMV-induced lesions was increased in the
[beta]-1,3-glucanase-deficient, local-lesion Havana 425 host, suggesting as
a working hypothesis that decreased susceptibility to virus resulted from
increased deposition of callose in response to infection. Our results
suggest novel means, based on antisense transformation with host genes, for
protecting plants against viral infection. These observations also raise
the intriguing possibility that viruses can use a defense response of the
host against fungal infection[mdash]production of
[beta]-1,3-glucanases[mdash]to promote their own replication and spread.
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