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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 5 783-791, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Pattern Formation in the Arabidopsis Embryo Revealed by Position-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein Gene Expression
C. W. Vroemen, S. Langeveld, U. Mayer, G. Ripper, G. Jurgens, A. Van Kammen and S. C. De Vries
Department of Molecular Biology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
During Arabidopsis embryogenesis, the zygote divides asymmetrically in the
future apical-basal axis; however, a radial axis is initiated only within
the eight-celled embryo. Mutations in the GNOM, KNOLLE, and KEULE genes
affect these processes: gnom zygotes tend to divide symmetrically; knolle
embryos lack oriented cell divisions that initiate protoderm formation; and
in keule embryos, an outer cell layer is present that consists of
abnormally enlarged cells from early development. Pattern formation along
the two axes is reflected by the position-specific expression of the
Arabidopsis lipid transfer protein (AtLTP1) gene. In wild-type embryos, the
AtLTP1 gene is expressed in the protoderm and initially in all protodermal
cells; later, AtLTP1 expression is confined to the cotyledons and the upper
end of the hypocotyl. Analysis of AtLTP1 expression in gnom, knolle, and
keule embryos showed that gnom embryos also can have no or reversed
apical-basal polarity, whereas radial polarity is unaffected. knolle
embryos initially lack but eventually form a radial pattern, and keule
embryos are affected in protoderm cell morphology rather than in the
establishment of the radial pattern.
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