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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 4 747-758, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Methylation Pattern of Activator Transposase Binding Sites in Maize Endosperm
L. Wang, M. Heinlein and R. Kunze
Institut fur Genetik und Mikrobiologie, Universitat Munchen, Maria-Ward-Strasse 1a, 80638 Munich, Germany
The maize transposable element Activator (Ac) transposes after replication
from only one of the two daughter chromatids. It has been suggested that
DNA methylation in conjunction with methylation-sensitive transposase
binding to DNA may control the association of Ac transposition and
replication. We present here a detailed genomic sequencing analysis of the
cytosine methylation patterns of the transposase binding sites within both
Ac ends in the wx-m9::Ac allele, where Ac is inserted into the tenth exon
of the Waxy gene. The Ac elements in wx-m9::Ac kernels exhibit intriguing
methylation patterns and fall into two distinct groups. Approximately 50%
of the elements are fully unmethylated at cytosine residues through the 256
nucleotides at the 5[prime] end (the promoter end). The other half is
partially methylated between Ac residues 27 and 92. In contrast, at the
3[prime] end, all Ac molecules are heavily methylated between residues 4372
and 4554. The more internally located Ac sequences and the flanking Waxy
DNA are unmethylated. Although most methylated cytosines in Ac are in the
symmetrical CpG and CpNpG arrangements, nonsymmetrical cytosine methylation
is also common in the hypermethylated regions of Ac. These results suggest
a model in which differential activation of transposon ends by
hemimethylation controls the chromatid selectivity of transposition and the
association with replication.
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