THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 4 659-671, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists

RESEARCH ARTICLE

A Dissociation Insertion Causes a Semidominant Mutation That Increases Expression of TINY, an Arabidopsis Gene Related to APETALA2

K. Wilson, D. Long, J. Swinburne and G. Coupland
Department of Molecular Genetics, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UJ, United Kingdom

A novel transposon-tagging strategy designed to recover dominant gain-of-function alleles was performed with Arabidopsis by using a Dissociation element with a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter transcribing outward over one terminus. Lines containing transposed copies of this transposon were screened for mutants, and a semidominant mutation affecting plant height, hypocotyl elongation, and fertility was recovered. The pleiotropic effects of this mutation appear to result from a general reduction in cell expansion, and some of the effects are similar to those caused by supplying exogenous ethylene or cytokinin to wild-type seedlings. In addition, the arrangement of cells in some organs, such as the etiolated hypocotyl, is disorganized. The mutation was called tiny, and the affected gene was cloned by first using transposon sequences to isolate the mutant allele. The predicted protein product of the TINY gene shows strong homology with the DNA binding domain of a recently identified class of plant transcription factors. This domain, called the APETALA2 domain, was initially identified as a duplicated region within the APETALA2 gene of Arabidopsis and then as a conserved region between APETALA2 and the ethylene responsive element binding proteins of tobacco. In the mutant allele, the Dissociation element is inserted in the untranslated leader of the TINY gene, 35 bp from the ATG, and the mutant contains a novel transcript that initiates from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter within the transposon. This transcript is present in greater abundance than the wild-type TINY transcript; therefore, the semidominant tiny mutation most likely results from increased, or ectopic, expression of the gene.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Sun, J.-P. Yu, F. Chen, T.-J. Zhao, X.-H. Fang, Y.-Q. Li, and S.-F. Sui TINY, a Dehydration-responsive Element (DRE)-binding Protein-like Transcription Factor Connecting the DRE- and Ethylene-responsive Element-mediated Signaling Pathways in Arabidopsis J. Biol. Chem., March 7, 2008; 283(10): 6261 - 6271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R.-C. Lin, H.-J. Park, and H.-Y. Wang Role of Arabidopsis RAP2.4 in Regulating Light- and Ethylene-Mediated Developmental Processes and Drought Stress Tolerance Mol Plant, January 1, 2008; 1(1): 42 - 57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Onate-Sanchez, J. P. Anderson, J. Young, and K. B. Singh AtERF14, a Member of the ERF Family of Transcription Factors, Plays a Nonredundant Role in Plant Defense Plant Physiology, January 1, 2007; 143(1): 400 - 409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Nakano, K. Suzuki, T. Fujimura, and H. Shinshi Genome-Wide Analysis of the ERF Gene Family in Arabidopsis and Rice Plant Physiology, February 1, 2006; 140(2): 411 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kim, P. S. Soltis, K. Wall, and D. E. Soltis Phylogeny and Domain Evolution in the APETALA2-like Gene Family Mol. Biol. Evol., January 1, 2006; 23(1): 107 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. D. Jofuku, P. K. Omidyar, Z. Gee, and J. K. Okamuro Control of seed mass and seed yield by the floral homeotic gene APETALA2 PNAS, February 22, 2005; 102(8): 3117 - 3122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Prigge, D. Otsuga, J. M. Alonso, J. R. Ecker, G. N. Drews, and S. E. Clark Class III Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper Gene Family Members Have Overlapping, Antagonistic, and Distinct Roles in Arabidopsis Development PLANT CELL, January 1, 2005; 17(1): 61 - 76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Qin, Y. Sakuma, J. Li, Q. Liu, Y.-Q. Li, K. Shinozaki, and K. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki Cloning and Functional Analysis of a Novel DREB1/CBF Transcription Factor Involved in Cold-Responsive Gene Expression in Zea mays L. Plant Cell Physiol., August 15, 2004; 45(8): 1042 - 1052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Guan and E. A. Nothnagel Binding of Arabinogalactan Proteins by Yariv Phenylglycoside Triggers Wound-Like Responses in Arabidopsis Cell Cultures Plant Physiology, July 1, 2004; 135(3): 1346 - 1366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. D. Curtis and U. Grossniklaus A Gateway Cloning Vector Set for High-Throughput Functional Analysis of Genes in Planta Plant Physiology, October 1, 2003; 133(2): 462 - 469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Komatsu, A. Chujo, Y. Nagato, K. Shimamoto, and J. Kyozuka FRIZZY PANICLE is required to prevent the formation of axillary meristems and to establish floral meristem identity in rice spikelets Development, August 15, 2003; 130(16): 3841 - 3850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Savaldi-Goldstein, D. Aviv, O. Davydov, and R. Fluhr Alternative Splicing Modulation by a LAMMER Kinase Impinges on Developmental and Transcriptome Expression PLANT CELL, April 1, 2003; 15(4): 926 - 938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Pan, H. Liu, J. Clarke, J. Jones, M. Bevan, and L. Stein ATIDB: Arabidopsis thaliana insertion database Nucleic Acids Res., February 15, 2003; 31(4): 1245 - 1251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Y.L. Yuen, R. S. Pearlman, L. Silo-suh, P. Hilson, K. L. Carroll, and P. H. Masson WVD2 and WDL1 Modulate Helical Organ Growth and Anisotropic Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, February 1, 2003; 131(2): 493 - 506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D.-H. Jeong, S. An, H.-G. Kang, S. Moon, J.-J. Han, S. Park, H. S. Lee, K. An, and G. An T-DNA Insertional Mutagenesis for Activation Tagging in Rice Plant Physiology, December 1, 2002; 130(4): 1636 - 1644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Boutilier, R. Offringa, V. K. Sharma, H. Kieft, T. Ouellet, L. Zhang, J. Hattori, C.-M. Liu, A. A. M. van Lammeren, B. L. A. Miki, et al. Ectopic Expression of BABY BOOM Triggers a Conversion from Vegetative to Embryonic Growth PLANT CELL, August 1, 2002; 14(8): 1737 - 1749. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Marsch-Martinez, R. Greco, G. Van Arkel, L. Herrera-Estrella, and A. Pereira Activation Tagging Using the En-I Maize Transposon System in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, August 1, 2002; 129(4): 1544 - 1556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Chen, N. J. Provart, J. Glazebrook, F. Katagiri, H.-S. Chang, T. Eulgem, F. Mauch, S. Luan, G. Zou, S. A. Whitham, et al. Expression Profile Matrix of Arabidopsis Transcription Factor Genes Suggests Their Putative Functions in Response to Environmental Stresses PLANT CELL, March 1, 2002; 14(3): 559 - 574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Ohta, K. Matsui, K. Hiratsu, H. Shinshi, and M. Ohme-Takagi Repression Domains of Class II ERF Transcriptional Repressors Share an Essential Motif for Active Repression PLANT CELL, August 1, 2001; 13(8): 1959 - 1968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Park, C.-J. Park, S.-B. Lee, B.-K. Ham, R. Shin, and K.-H. Paek Overexpression of the Tobacco Tsi1 Gene Encoding an EREBP/AP2-Type Transcription Factor Enhances Resistance against Pathogen Attack and Osmotic Stress in Tobacco PLANT CELL, May 1, 2001; 13(5): 1035 - 1046. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. Huang, R. E. Cerny, D. S. Bhat, and S. M. Brown Cloning of an Arabidopsis Patatin-Like Gene, STURDY, by Activation T-DNA Tagging Plant Physiology, February 1, 2001; 125(2): 573 - 584. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T. Juenger, M. Purugganan, and T. F. C. Mackay Quantitative Trait Loci for Floral Morphology in Arabidopsis thaliana Genetics, November 1, 2000; 156(3): 1379 - 1392. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. Weigel, J. H. Ahn, M. A. Blázquez, J. O. Borevitz, S. K. Christensen, C. Fankhauser, C. Ferrándiz, I. Kardailsky, E. J. Malancharuvil, M. M. Neff, et al. Activation Tagging in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, April 1, 2000; 122(4): 1003 - 1014. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. Y. Fujimoto, M. Ohta, A. Usui, H. Shinshi, and M. Ohme-Takagi Arabidopsis Ethylene-Responsive Element Binding Factors Act as Transcriptional Activators or Repressors of GCC Box-Mediated Gene Expression PLANT CELL, March 1, 2000; 12(3): 393 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E van der Graaff, A. Dulk-Ras, P. Hooykaas, and B Keller Activation tagging of the LEAFY PETIOLE gene affects leaf petiole development in Arabidopsis thaliana Development, January 11, 2000; 127(22): 4971 - 4980. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. J. Krysan, J. C. Young, and M. R. Sussman T-DNA as an Insertional Mutagen in Arabidopsis PLANT CELL, December 1, 1999; 11(12): 2283 - 2290. [Full Text]

				E. Kanaya, N. Nakajima, K. Morikawa, K. Okada, and Y. Shimura Characterization of the Transcriptional Activator CBF1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. EVIDENCE FOR COLD DENATURATION IN REGIONS OUTSIDE OF THE DNA BINDING DOMAIN J. Biol. Chem., June 4, 1999; 274(23): 16068 - 16076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Fridborg, S. Kuusk, T. Moritz, and E. Sundberg The Arabidopsis Dwarf Mutant shi Exhibits Reduced Gibberellin Responses Conferred by Overexpression of a New Putative Zinc Finger Protein PLANT CELL, June 1, 1999; 11(6): 1019 - 1032. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. Solano, A. Stepanova, Q. Chao, and J. R. Ecker Nuclear events in ethylene signaling: a transcriptional cascade mediated by ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1 Genes & Dev., December 1, 1998; 12(23): 3703 - 3714. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. Bouchez and H. Höfte Functional Genomics in Plants Plant Physiology, November 1, 1998; 118(3): 725 - 732. [Full Text]

				T. Kurata and K. T. Yamamoto petit1, a Conditional Growth Mutant of Arabidopsis Defective in Sucrose-Dependent Elongation Growth Plant Physiology, November 1, 1998; 118(3): 793 - 801. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. Xu, M. L. Narasimhan, T. Samson, M. A. Coca, G.-H. Huh, J. Zhou, G. B. Martin, P. M. Hasegawa, and R. A. Bressan A Nitrilase-Like Protein Interacts with GCC Box DNA-Binding Proteins Involved in Ethylene and Defense Responses Plant Physiology, November 1, 1998; 118(3): 867 - 874. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				Q. Liu, M. Kasuga, Y. Sakuma, H. Abe, S. Miura, K. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, and K. Shinozaki Two Transcription Factors, DREB1 and DREB2, with an EREBP/AP2 DNA Binding Domain Separate Two Cellular Signal Transduction Pathways in Drought- and Low-Temperature-Responsive Gene Expression, Respectively, in Arabidopsis PLANT CELL, August 1, 1998; 10(8): 1391 - 1406. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. A. Helliwell, C. C. Sheldon, M. R. Olive, A. R. Walker, J. A. D. Zeevaart, W. J. Peacock, and E. S. Dennis Cloning of the Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase gene GA3 PNAS, July 21, 1998; 95(15): 9019 - 9024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. R. Finkelstein, M. L. Wang, T. J. Lynch, S. Rao, and H. M. Goodman The Arabidopsis Abscisic Acid Response Locus ABI4 Encodes an APETALA 2 Domain Protein PLANT CELL, June 1, 1998; 10(6): 1043 - 1054. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. A. Martienssen Functional genomics: Probing plant gene function and expression with transposons PNAS, March 3, 1998; 95(5): 2021 - 2026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. K. Okamuro, B. Caster, R. Villarroel, M. Van Montagu, and K. D. Jofuku The AP2 domain of APETALA2 defines a large new family of DNA binding proteins in Arabidopsis PNAS, June 24, 1997; 94(13): 7076 - 7081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Buttner and K. B. Singh Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene-responsive element binding protein (AtEBP), an ethylene-inducible, GCC box DNA-binding protein interacts with an ocs element binding protein PNAS, May 27, 1997; 94(11): 5961 - 5966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. J. Stockinger, S. J. Gilmour, and M. F. Thomashow Arabidopsis thaliana CBF1 encodes an AP2 domain-containing transcriptional activator that binds to the C-repeat/DRE, a cis-acting DNA regulatory element that stimulates transcription in response to low temperature and water deficit PNAS, February 4, 1997; 94(3): 1035 - 1040. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S P Moose and P H Sisco Glossy15, an APETALA2-like gene from maize that regulates leaf epidermal cell identity. Genes & Dev., December 1, 1996; 10(23): 3018 - 3027. [Abstract] [PDF]