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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 3 539-553, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Rubisco in Marine Symbiotic Dinoflagellates: Form II Enzymes in Eukaryotic Oxygenic Phototrophs Encoded by a Nuclear Multigene Family
R. Rowan, S. M. Whitney, A. Fowler and D. Yellowlees
Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, Queensland 4810, Australia
Genes encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)
were cloned from dinoflagellate symbionts (Symbiodinium spp) of the giant
clam Tridacna gigas and characterized. Strikingly, Symbiodinium Rubisco is
completely different from other eukaryotic (form I) Rubiscos: it is a form
II enzyme that is ~65% identical to Rubisco from Rhodospirillum rubrum
(Rubisco forms I and II are ~25 to 30% identical); it is nuclear encoded by
a multigene family; and the predominantly expressed Rubisco is encoded as a
precursor polyprotein. One clone appears to contain a predominantly
expressed Rubisco locus (rbcA), as determined by RNA gel blot analysis of
Symbiodinium RNA and sequencing of purified Rubisco protein. Another
contains an enigmatic locus (rbcG) that exhibits an unprecedented pattern
of amino acid replacement but does not appear to be a pseudogene. The
expression of rbcG has not been analyzed; it was detected only in the minor
of two taxa of Symbiodinium that occur together in T. gigas. This study
confirms and describes a previously unrecognized branch of Rubisco's
evolution: a eukaryotic form II enzyme that participates in oxygenic
photosynthesis and is encoded by a diverse, nuclear multigene family.
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