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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 2 259-269, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Okadaic Acid, a Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor, Blocks Calcium Changes, Gene Expression, and Cell Death Induced by Gibberellin in Wheat Aleurone Cells
A. Kuo, S. Cappelluti, M. Cervantes-Cervantes, M. Rodriguez and D. S. Bush
Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 101 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102
The cereal aleurone functions during germination by secreting hydrolases,
mainly [alpha]-amylase, into the starchy endosperm. Multiple signal
transduction pathways exist in cereal aleurone cells that enable them to
modulate hydrolase production in response to both hormonal and
environmental stimuli. Gibberellic acid (GA) promotes hydrolase production,
whereas abscisic acid (ABA), hypoxia, and osmotic stress reduce amylase
production. In an effort to identify the components of transduction
pathways in aleurone cells, we have investigated the effect of okadaic acid
(OA), a protein phosphatase inhibitor, on stimulus-response coupling for
GA, ABA, and hypoxia. We found that OA (100 nM) completely inhibited all
the GA responses that we measured, from rapid changes in cytosolic Ca2+
through changes in gene expression and accelerated cell death. OA (100 nM)
partially inhibited ABA responses, as measured by changes in the level of
PHAV1 a cDNA for an ABA-induced mRNA in barley. In contrast, OA had no
effect on the response to hypoxia, as measured by changes in cytosolic Ca2+
and by changes in enzyme activity and RNA levels of alcohol dehydrogenase.
Our data indicate that OA-sensitive protein phosphatases act early in the
transduction pathway of GA but are not involved in the response to hypoxia.
These data provide a basis for a model of multiple transduction pathways in
which the level of cytosolic Ca2+ is a key point of convergence controlling
changes in stimulus-response coupling.
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