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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 2 137-153, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
The AINTEGUMENTA Gene of Arabidopsis Required for Ovule and Female Gametophyte Development Is Related to the Floral Homeotic Gene APETALA2
K. M. Klucher, H. Chow, L. Reiser and R. L. Fischer
Department of Plant Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
Ovules play a central role in plant reproduction, generating the female
gametophyte within sporophytic integuments. When fertilized, the
integuments differentiate into the seed coat and support the development of
the embryo and endosperm. Mutations in the AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) locus of
Arabidopsis have a profound effect on ovule development. Strong ant mutants
have ovules that fail to form integuments or a female gametophyte. Flower
development is also altered, with a random reduction of organs in the outer
three whorls. In addition, organs present in the outer three floral whorls
often have abnormal morphology. Ovules from a weak ant mutant contain both
inner and outer integuments but generally fail to produce a functional
female gametophyte. We isolated the ANT gene by using a mutation derived by
T-DNA insertional mutagenesis. ANT is a member of a gene family that
includes the floral homeotic gene APETALA2 (AP2). Like AP2, ANT contains
two AP2 domains homologous with the DNA binding domain of ethylene response
element binding proteins. ANT is expressed most highly in developing
flowers but is also expressed in vegetative tissue. Taken together, these
results suggest that ANT is a transcription factor that plays a critical
role in regulating ovule and female gametophyte development.
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