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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 11 1935-1949, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Localized Apical Increases of Cytosolic Free Calcium Control Pollen Tube Orientation
R. Malho and A. J. Trewavas
Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciencias de Lisboa, R. Ernesto de Vasconcelos, Bloco C2, 1780 Lisboa, Portugal
To reach the ovule, pollen tubes must undergo many changes in growth
direction. We have shown in previous work that elevation of cytosolic free
calcium ([Ca2+]c) can manipulate orientation in growing pollen tubes, but
our results suggested that [Ca2+]c changes either in the tip or in more
distal regions might regulate the critical orienting mechanism. To identify
the spatial location of the orienting motor, we combined the techniques of
ion imaging with confocal microscopy and localized photoactivation of
loaded caged Ca2+ (nitr-5) and diazo-2 (a caged Ca2+ chelator) to
manipulate [Ca2+]c in different pollen tube domains. We found that
increasing [Ca2+]c on one side of the pollen tube apex induced
reorientation of the growth axis toward that side. Similarly, a decrease in
[Ca2+]c promoted bending toward the opposite side. These effects could be
mimicked by imposing localized external gradients of an ionophore (A23187)
or a Ca2+ channel blocker (GdCl3); the pollen tubes bend toward the highest
concentration of A23187 and away from GdCl3. Manipulation of [Ca2+]c in
regions farther back from the apical zone also induced changes in growth
direction, but the new orientation was at random. We observed communication
of these distal events to the tip through a slow-moving [Ca2+]c wave. These
data show that localized changes of [Ca2+]c in the tip, which could result
from asymmetric channel activity, control the direction of pollen tube
growth.
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