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First published online December 21, 2007; 10.1105/tpc.107.053975

The Plant Cell 19:3974-3989 (2007)
© 2007 American Society of Plant Biologists

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3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase1 Interacts with NORK and Is Crucial for Nodulation in Medicago truncatula

Zoltán Keveia,b,1, Géraldine Lougnona,c,1, Peter Mergaerta, Gábor V. Horvátha,b, Attila Kereszta,b, Dhileepkumar Jayaramanc, Najia Zamanc, Fabian Marcela, Krzysztof Regulskia, György B. Kissb, Adam Kondorosia, Gabriella Endreb, Eva Kondorosia,d,2 and Jean-Michel Anéc

a Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2355, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
b Biological Research Center, Institute of Genetics, 6701 Szeged, Hungary
c Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
d Insitute for Plant Genomics, Human Biotechnology, and Bioenergy, Bay Zoltan Foundation for Applied Research, 6726 Szeged, Hungary

2 Address correspondence to eva.kondorosi{at}isv.cnrs-gif.fr.

NORK in legumes encodes a receptor-like kinase that is required for Nod factor signaling and root nodule development. Using Medicago truncatula NORK as bait in a yeast two-hybrid assay, we identified 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase 1 (Mt HMGR1) as a NORK interacting partner. HMGR1 belongs to a multigene family in M. truncatula, and different HMGR isoforms are key enzymes in the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway leading to the production of a diverse array of isoprenoid compounds. Testing other HMGR members revealed a specific interaction between NORK and HMGR1. Mutagenesis and deletion analysis showed that this interaction requires the cytosolic active kinase domain of NORK and the cytosolic catalytic domain of HMGR1. NORK homologs from Lotus japonicus and Sesbania rostrata also interacted with Mt HMGR1, but homologous nonsymbiotic kinases of M. truncatula did not. Pharmacological inhibition of HMGR activities decreased nodule number and delayed nodulation, supporting the importance of the mevalonate pathway in symbiotic development. Decreasing HMGR1 expression in M. truncatula transgenic roots by RNA interference led to a dramatic decrease in nodulation, confirming that HMGR1 is essential for nodule development. Recruitment of HMGR1 by NORK could be required for production of specific isoprenoid compounds, such as cytokinins, phytosteroids, or isoprenoid moieties involved in modification of signaling proteins.




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