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First published online March 22, 2004; 10.1105/tpc.018754

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The Plant Cell 16:1021-1034 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

Arabidopsis Histone Deacetylase HDA6 Is Required for Maintenance of Transcriptional Gene Silencing and Determines Nuclear Organization of rDNA Repeats

Aline V. Probsta,b,1, Mathilde Fagardc,2, Florence Prouxc,3, Philippe Mourrainc,4, Stéphanie Boutetc,5, Keith Earleyd, Richard J. Lawrenced, Craig S. Pikaardd, Jane Murfette, Ian Furnerf, Hervé Vaucheretc and Ortrun Mittelsten Scheida,6

a Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
b Laboratory of Plant Genetics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
c Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France
d Biology Department, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
e Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
f Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, United Kingdom

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail aline.probst{at}bioveg.unige.ch; fax 41-22-379-31-07.

Histone acetylation and deacetylation are connected with transcriptional activation and silencing in many eukaryotic organisms. Gene families for enzymes that accomplish these modifications show a surprising multiplicity in sequence and expression levels, suggesting a high specificity for different targets. We show that mutations in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) HDA6, a putative class I histone deacetylase gene, result in loss of transcriptional silencing from several repetitive transgenic and endogenous templates. Surprisingly, total levels of histone H4 acetylation are only slightly affected, whereas significant hyperacetylation is restricted to the nucleolus organizer regions that contain the rDNA repeats. This switch coincides with an increase of histone 3 methylation at Lys residue 4, a modified DNA methylation pattern, and a concomitant decondensation of the chromatin. These results indicate that HDA6 might play a role in regulating activity of rRNA genes, and this control might be functionally linked to silencing of other repetitive templates and to its previously assigned role in RNA-directed DNA methylation.




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