First published online September 17, 2004; 10.1105/tpc.104.024604
The Plant Cell 16:2641-2651 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists
Involvement of 14-3-3 Signaling Protein Binding in the Functional Regulation of the Transcriptional Activator REPRESSION OF SHOOT GROWTH by Gibberellins
Sarahmi Ishidaa,
Jutarou Fukazawab,
Takashi Yuasaa and
Yohsuke Takahashib,1
a Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
b Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail ytakahas{at}hiroshima-u.ac.jp; fax 81-824-24-7392.
REPRESSION OF SHOOT GROWTH (RSG) is a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transcriptional activator with a basic Leu zipper domain that regulates endogenous amounts of gibberellins (GAs) by the control of a GA biosynthetic enzyme. The 14-3-3 signaling proteins have been suggested to suppress RSG by sequestering it in the cytoplasm. Here, we show that RSG phosphorylation on Ser-114 is important for 14-3-3 binding. We found that GA levels regulate the intracellular localization of RSG. RSG translocated into the nucleus in response to a reduction in GA levels. GA treatment could reverse this nuclear accumulation. The GA-induced disappearance of RSG–green fluorescent protein from the nucleus did not depend on protein degradation. By contrast, the mutant RSG (S114A) that could not bind to 14-3-3 continued to be localized predominantly in the nucleus after GA application. Analysis of the mRNA levels of GA biosynthetic genes showed that the feedback regulation of the GA 20-oxidase gene was inhibited in transgenic plants expressing a dominant negative form of RSG. Our results suggest that RSG is negatively modulated by GAs by 14-3-3 binding and might be involved in GA homeostasis.
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