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A Vacuolar Sorting Domain May Also Influence the Way in Which Proteins Leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum

^a Centre for Plant Sciences, Leeds Institute for Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture, Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
^b Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
^c Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
^d Research School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail j.denecke{at}leeds.ac.uk; fax 44-113-2332835

Protein sorting to plant vacuoles is known to be dependent on a considerable variety of protein motifs recognized by a family of sorting receptors. This can involve either traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Golgi apparatus or direct ER-to-vacuole transport. Barley aspartic protease (Phytepsin) was shown previously to reach the vacuole via trafficking through the Golgi apparatus. Here we show that Phytepsin normally exits the ER in a COPII-mediated manner, because the Phytepsin precursor accumulates in the ER upon specific inhibition of the formation of COPII vesicles in vivo. Phytepsin differs from its yeast and mammalian counterparts by the presence of a saposin-like plant-specific insert (PSI). Deletion of this domain comprising 104 amino acids causes efficient secretion of the truncated molecule (PhytepsinPSI) without affecting the enzymatic activity of the enzyme. Interestingly, deletion of the PSI also changes the way in which Phytepsin exits the ER. Inhibition of COPII vesicle formation causes accumulation of the Phytepsin precursor in the ER but has no effect on the secretion of PhytepsinPSI. This suggests either that vacuolar sorting commences at the ER export step and involves recruitment into COPII vesicles or that the PSI domain carries two signals, one for COPII-dependent export from the ER and one for vacuolar delivery from the Golgi. The relevance of these observations with respect to the bulk flow model of secretory protein synthesis is discussed.

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