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Plant Cell, Vol. 11, 5-14, January 1999, Copyright © 1999, American Society of Plant Physiologists
A Mutation in the pale aleurone color1 Gene Identifies a Novel Regulator of the Maize Anthocyanin Pathway
David A. Selingera and
Vicki L. Chandlera
a Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
Correspondence to:
Vicki L. Chandler, chandler{at}ag.arizona.edu (E-mail), 520-621-7186 (fax)
By screening for new seed color mutations, we have identified a new gene, pale aleurone color1 (pac1), which when mutated causes a reduction in anthocyanin pigmentation. The pac1 gene is not allelic to any known anthocyanin biosynthetic or regulatory gene. The pac1-ref allele is recessive, nonlethal, and only reduces pigment in kernels, not in vegetative tissues. Genetic and molecular evidence shows that the pac1-ref allele reduces pigmentation by reducing RNA levels of the biosynthetic genes in the pathway. The mutant does not reduce the RNA levels of either of the two regulatory genes, b and c1. Introduction of an anthocyanin structural gene promoter (a1) driving a reporter gene into maize aleurones shows that pac1-ref kernels have reduced expression resulting from the action of the a1 promoter. Introduction of the reporter gene with constructs that express the regulatory genes b and c1 or the phlobaphene pathway regulator p shows that this reduction in a1-driven expression occurs in both the presence and absence of these regulators. Our results imply that pac1 is required for either b/c1 or p activation of anthocyanin biosynthetic gene expression and that pac1 acts independently of these regulatory genes.
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